1. Sequence checking: Sequence checking consists of comparing the key field(s) of the record read in with the key field(s) of the previous record.
2. Restricted-value test: Checking the value of a field to be sure it is acceptable is editing input by means of  a restricted-value test.
3. Miscellaneous other tests: Depending on the situation, any of a number of other tests may be performed on input data.

1. Display an error message and terminate processing immediately.
2. Display an error message and wait for the operator to take some corrective action.
3. Make a record of the error so that it can be corrected later; then continue processing, ignoring the erroneous record.

The sentinel value is a predetermined value that is placed in a dummy record at the end of the file. The sentinel value is usually placed in the key field position in the dummy record.

A muster file is retained indefinitly; its records contain information that must be used regularly, such as the amount of an item that is in inventory.

Batch processing refers to the processing in which data is accumulated over a period of time and then processed as a group, or batch.