PEAR means “PHP Extension and Application Repository”. it extends PHP and provides a higher level of programming for web developers.

PHP 5 presents many additional OOP (Object Oriented Programming) features.

a. $_FILES['file']['name']: The name of the file as uploaded from the client to the server.
b. $_FILES['file']['type']: The MIME type of the uploaded file. Whether this variable is assigned depends on the browser capabilities.
c. $_FILES['file']['size']: The byte size of the uploaded file.
d. $_FILES['file']['tmp_name']: Once uploaded, the file will be assigned a temporary name before it is moved to its final location.
e. $_FILES['file']['error']: An upload status code.

The name of the output type have to be specified in parentheses before the variable which is to be cast as follows:

* (int), (integer) – cast to integer

* (bool), (boolean) – cast to boolean

* (float), (double), (real) – cast to float

* (string) – cast to string

* (array) – cast to array

* (object) – cast to object

The substr() function returns the part of a string located between a predefined starting offset and length positions.

Its prototype : string substr(string str, int start [, int length])